草地生态补偿机制与补偿方案探讨

Discussion on the Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Scheme of Rangeland

草地不仅是畜牧业的生产基地,而且是重要的生态安全屏障与草原文化传承的基础。然而,在人为和自然因素影响下导致草地日趋退化,严重削弱了其生态服务功能与区域草地畜牧业的可持续发展。为遏制草地退化趋势,维护草地的生态服务功能,提高草地生产能力,迫切需要建立一种有效的草地生态补偿机制。本研究根据草地类型、利用现状、生态屏障重要性和生态环境脆弱性等因子对草地进行功能分区,将其划分为生态保护功能区、生产功能区和适度利用功能区,建立以政府部门、评估机构、监督机构和牧民四位一体的草地生态补偿组织管理体系和技术流程,设计针对不同功能区特点的生态补偿方案。

Rangeland is not only the production base of animal husbandry but also an important base for ecological safe shelter and rangeland cultural heritage.However,rangeland degradation has badly weakened the ecological service function of rangeland and sustainable development of animal husbandry caused by overgrazing and natural influence factors.Therefore,establishing an effective ecological compensation mechanism for rangeland ecosystem is an active demand,which can curb rangeland degradation,maintain ecological service function,and improve rangeland productivity.The functional subareas of rangeland were set up in this study based on the rangeland type,current utilization status,ecological shelter importance,and environment vulnerability of grassland ecosystem.Rangelands were divided into ecological conservation function sector,production function sector,and moderate utilization function sector.Organized administration system and techno-flow of ecological compensation for rangeland were put forward based on the integrity of governmental department,evaluation authority,intendance institution,and herdsman.The compensation schemes aimed at different rangeland function sectors were designed.