苜蓿黄萎病菌中国菌株生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristics of Chinese Strain of Verticillium albo-atrum from Alfalfa

为了解我国苜蓿黄萎病菌的生物学特性,于2007-2008年间对苜蓿黄萎病菌进行了分离、鉴定及生物学特性研究。采用常规组织分离法从新疆伊犁地区新源县苜蓿黄萎病标样中分离到一种真菌(VA001),依据Koch′s法则,并结合形态学、培养特性及ITS序列分析,鉴定为黑白轮枝菌(Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berthold)。适合该菌生长的培养基有甜瓜培养基、马铃薯蔗糖培养基、马铃薯培养基,适合产孢的培养基有马铃薯葡萄糖培养基、甜瓜培养基、梅干培养基。在碳源和氮源中,麦芽糖(Maltose)、乳糖(Lactose)、甘露醇(Mannitolum)、赖氨酸(Lysine)、牛肉膏(Beef extract)、氨基乙酸(Aminoacetic acid)、组氨酸(Histidine)有利于病菌的生长;蔗糖(Sugar)、果糖(Fructose)、乳糖(Lactose)、硝酸钠(Sodium nitrate)、丙氨酸(Alanine)有利于病菌的产孢。苜蓿黄萎菌生长和产孢的适宜pH值为7.0-9.5,温度为25℃。

In order to nuderstand the biological characteristics of Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berthold in China,the isolation,identification and biological characteristics of the alfalfa verticillium wilt pathogen were studied from 2007 to 2008.Through tissue plating,one pathogen was isolated from diseased alfalfa plant in Xinyuan County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The pathogen was identified as V.albo-atrum VA001 based on the Koch′s pustule,morphological characteristics and the sequence of ribosomal DNA-5.8S/ITS.The study results of the biological characteristics of VA001 show that melon lactose agar（MA）,potato sugar agar（PSA）,potato dextrose agar（PDA） media were the best medium for the strain growth and the PDA,MA,and plum culture agar（PCA） media for sporulation.Among the tested carbon and nitrogen resources,maltose,lactose,mannitolum,lysine,beef extract,aminoacetic acid,and histidine were beneficial for mycelial growth and sucrose,fructose,lactose,sodium nitrate,and alanine for sporulation.For growth and sporulation of the strain,the optimal pH was 7.0-9.5 and temperature was 25℃.