鲁北地区秸杆覆盖对冬小麦需水量、作物系数及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Straw Mulching on ETc and Kc and WUE of Winter Wheat in North of Shandong Province

作物系数和需水量是制定作物灌溉制度和计算区域水资源平衡的重要参数,不同气候和不同栽培条件下作物系数和需水量会发生变化。通过大田试验,以Penman-Monteith公式计算小麦播种-成熟期间参照作物蒸散量,并利用农田水量平衡方程及土壤水分胁迫系数计算作物实际蒸发蒸散量,进而对小麦秸杆覆盖和露地栽培条件下各生育阶段的作物系数进行计算。结果表明,鲁北地区小麦秸杆覆盖栽培比露地栽培生育期内作物需水量减少40.3 mm,作物系数降低9.1%,水分利用效率增加18.0%。冬小麦产量提高10%左右。

Crop evapotranspiration（ETc）,crop coefficient（Kc） and water use efficiency（WUE） are the basic parameters for establishing irrigation schedule and calculating regional water resources balance, and they are changeable under different climate and cultivation.According to the field experiments,the reference crop evapotranspiration is calculated by using Pennan-Monteith equation,the actual crop evapotranspiration is achieved by using the water balance equation and soil water adjustment coefficient,and the crop coefficients of winter wheat under straw mulching and without straw mulching in different stages are calculated based on the above results.The results indicate that ETc and Kc of winter wheat under straw mulching are decreased by 40.3 mm and 9.1% respectively,and WUE is increased by 18.0% than without straw mulching.