生态标志和产品的生命周期评价

Eco-Labeling Products and the Life-Cycle Assessment

获得生态标志,是对产品环境性能的肯定,表明其整个生命周期的环境性能达到了特定的要求,消费者也可直接根据生态标志图案购得自己喜好的环境友好产品。生命周期评价是一种评价产品、工艺或活动,从原材料采掘到生产、运输、分销、使用、回用、维护、循环和最终处置的整个生命周期阶段相关环境负荷的过程。大多数生态标志标准的确定都采用了生命周期评价的方法。文章对生态标志的概念、发展状况、标准的确定和生命周期评价等作了简要论述,并提出了我国应采取的对策。

A product gained an eco-label means that its environmental performance through entire life-cycle has met the specific requirements, and the consumers may directly buy their liked environmental-friendly products according to the label. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a process for assessing the environmental loading of a product, process or activity concerned with its entire life-cycle stages through raw material, aquisition to manufacture, transportation, distribution, use, reuse, maintenance, recycle and final disposal. Many Eco-labeling schemes adopted the LCA as a tool for setting the environmental standards of the product. This paper discussed briefly the concept, development, determination of environmental standards and the LCA methodology of eco-label. Some countermeasures for China were also presented.