太湖流域湖泊水环境问题、成因与对策

LAKE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS,ORIGINS AND COUNTERMEASURES IN THE CATCHMENT OF TAIHU LAKE

综合分析了太湖流域存在的的湖泊水环境问题，主要表现为水质全面恶化、洪涝灾害加剧、湖泊生态系统与生物资源破坏和底质污染严重。造成湖泊水环境问题的自然因素与流域地势平缓、亚热带季风气候和地面沉降有关；人为因素如围垦、污水排入湖泊、过量使用农药化肥和湖泊淤积加剧了太湖流域水环境问题的发展。针对当前存在的湖泊水环境问题，提出湖泊水环境整治对策是：树立可持续发展观念，加强流域污染源的控制；重视湖泊水环境的科学研究；加强湖泊水环境水资源的规划与管理；因地制宜地实施湖泊水环境整治工程。

Lake environmental problems in the catchment of Taihu Lake are analyzed. The problems embrace four aspects:lake eutrophication, intensification of flood disaster, destruction of lake ecosystem and biological resources and pollution of lake sediments. The origins for lake environmental problems consist of two groups natural factors including smooth terrain landforms in the catchment, subtropical monsoonal climate,and land subsidence,and human factors such as land reclamation, sewage draining into lakes, abuse of fertilizer and farm pesticide, lake sedimentation , etc.which intensify the environmental problems in the catchment. In the light of present lake environmental problems , countermeasures should include establishing the idea of sustainable development for the public and enhancing the control of pollution sources in the catchment, paying more attention to the scientific research of lake environment, intensifying the management and planning of lake environment and resources,and implementing water quality engineering measures suitable to local conditions in the catchment of Taihu Lake.