磨制石器类型学的分类原则与术语界定——以大辛庄商代石器为例

Principles of Typological Classification and Terminology Delimitation of Ground Stone Tools

对事物的分类是古代人类社会文化生活中的一种重要的比较自觉的行为和客观现象，人们在从事生产和生活时都会根据自己的标准进行自觉的分类活动。当然这些标准产生于特定的文化社会背景和思想意识，这就给我们今天的探寻以实际上有效的线索。所以考古研究中的器物分类是我们研究和复原古代文化的一条重要途径，但如何使我们的分类标准和结果更接近于古代历史事实是值得探讨的问题。

The typology of ground stone tools is an important way to explore ancient production and social life. For a long time, the categorization was mainly in light of morphological variation and therefore was lack of widely-recognized glossaries. This affected the research and cogoition of other relevant issues. Based on the case study of Daxinzhuang site, the author argues that the classification of ground stone tools should be set with objective standards and specially with designated academic goals. The classification not only needs considering morphological variation of ground stones, but also their manufacturing techniques, functions and productive system. In order to be beneficial of reorganization and typological studies, the descriptive terminology needs to be clearly delimited.