不同生育期灌水和施氮对河西地区春小麦生长和产量的影响

Effect of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of spring wheat in Hexi area

通过大田小区试验,设置4个氮肥水平和6个不同生育期灌水处理,研究了不同生育期灌水和施氮对河西地区春小麦的生长及产量的影响。结果表明:与春小麦各个生育期都灌水(CK)相比,苗期、拔节期、抽穗期以及苗期+灌浆期不灌水对春小麦的株高、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质的累积都有显著的影响,其中苗期、苗期+灌浆期不灌水对株高、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质的累积量影响最大。在平均氮肥水平下,苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期以及苗期+灌浆期不灌水春小麦的产量与对照相比分别降低25.63%、11.88%、13.67%、10.38%及34.06%。因此,苗期不灌水和苗期+灌浆期不灌水对春小麦的产量影响最大,其次为抽穗期不灌水、拔节期不灌水和灌浆期不灌水。施氮对不同生育期灌水的春小麦的株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质的累积量、收获指数(HI)、穗粒数、有效小穗数和产量都有显著的促进作用。

The field experiment was conducted and four nitrogen levels and six irrigation treatments at different growth stages were designed to study the effect of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yields of spring wheat in Hexi area.The results showed that there had significantly effect on plant height,leaf area index（LAI） and dry matter accumulation of no irrigation treatments at the seedling stage,jointing stage,heading and filling stage,seedling stages＋heading and filling stage compared with the treatment of irrigation at whole growth stages（CK）,the treatments of no irrigation at the seedling stage and seedling stages＋heading and filling stage had more significant impact on plant height,leaf are index（LAI） and dry matter accumulation.At the average nitrogen rate,compared with CK,the yield of spring wheat was decreases by 25.63%、11.88%、13.67%、10.38% and 34.06%,respectively,with the no irrigation treatments of seedling,jointing,heading,grain filling stage,the seedling stage＋filling stage,a significant effect on spring stage,followed by the no irrigation in heading and jointing stage＋filling stage. There had significantly improve effect on plant height,leaf area index（LAI）,dry matter accumulation,harvest index（HI） kernel number,effective number of per spike/m2 and yields of the spring wheat with nitrogen fertilization rate increases.