论雍正年间台湾“番”地开垦政策的变化——以《廵台录》为中心

Review of the Adjustment of Land Cultivation Policy during the Yongzheng Period

以往学术界普遍认为清代台湾土地开发完全是依靠民间的力量,政府和官员的态度是消极的,不仅未给予支持协助,反而多方留难限制。然而,这种情形并非自始至终一成不变。从近年来新发掘的分廵台湾道张嗣昌所撰《廵台录》中对大甲西社"番"变事件善后的处理和官方劝垦"番"地的记载,以及减轻台湾田园赋税和开放移民搬眷入台的种种措施,可以看出雍正年间政府对台湾的土地开垦政策有了十分明显的变化。这种变化与雍正皇帝重视农本,奖励垦荒政策有很大关系。

It was once assumed that the farmland exploration in Qing Dynasty was mainly attributed to community efforts, whereas the attitude of the government had been unsupportive or even resistive. However, in his recently discovered document Tour in Taiwan（ Xun Tai Lu） ,Zhang Siehang described the resettlement effort after the Dajiaxi incident and official encouragement of indigenous land. This,together with a variety of measures including reduction in agriculture taxes and easing of immigration restrictions,demonstrated significant adjustment in the land - reclamation policy during the Yongzheng period. Such change is largely due to the priority given to agriculture and cultivation of land by Emperor Yongzheng.