决策过程中的记忆可提取性效用

Remembered Utility in Decision Making

记忆的可提取性效用是人们在评估过往事件时所感受到的愉悦或满意程度,这种评估建立在人们从记忆中提取出的信息基础上。研究发现,人们对过往事件进行评估时会出现违反效用最大化原则的决策,主要表现在三个实验现象上:峰终律、时长忽视和违背单调叠加性。研究者多从原型判断的角度去理解这些现象,但可提取性效用是否还有其他内在机制仍然有待进一步研究。

Remembered utility is the extent of pleasure or contentment to which people have when a global evaluation based on the information retrieved from memory is made of a past episode,or a collection of episodes.Previous studies about remembered utility revealed that people often failed to maximize their utility when they were asked to provide a global evaluation of past episodes.Main findings of existing studies proposed three rules：peak-end rule,duration neglect and violations of monotonicity.Although these rules can be explained from the perspective of judgment by prototype,further investigations are needed to understand whether there is any other internal mechanism of remembered utility.