南非海事优先权制度探析

The Analysis on the System of Maritime Liens in South Africa

海事优先权制度是海商法上的一项核心制度,也是调整各国海事贸易关系的一项重要制度。南非海事优先权制度具有多元化的法律渊源,但英国法的影响远远大于其他法律,在司法判例中,多项海事优先权纠纷,法院要直接适用英国法处理,这对合宪性是一大挑战。南非海事优先权的范围有不断扩大的趋势,不利于抵押权人和其他债权人利益的实现,也与海事优先权制度的国际发展趋势相背离。由于海事优先权制度识别程序的复杂性,使其认定充满着不确定性。我国与南非进行海事贸易交往时,对此应有足够的了解和认识,采取有效的应对措施,以趋利避害,切实维护我国海事贸易当事人的合法权益。

The maritime lien is a core system in maritime law,and it is also an important system for adjusting the maritime trade relations among various countries.Although the system of maritime liens in South Africa has a wide range of source of law,the impact of British law is much larger than other laws.In judicial decisions,the court apply British law to deal with disputes on maritime liens directly,and it is a challenge to Constitutionality.The growing trend of the range of maritime lien is not conductive to realize the interests of mortgagees and other creditors,and is deviation from the current international development of the maritime liens as well.In addition,it is always uncertain to recognize the maritime liens because of the complexity of the identification procedures.When our country engages in the maritime commerce with South Africa,we should have sufficient knowledge and understanding on the uncertainty,take effective countermeasures to draw on the advantages and avoid the disadvantages,and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the Chinese parties in maritime trade effectively.