翻译标准多元性与相对性的语用学阐释

Multiplicity and Relativity of Translation from the Pragmatic Perspective

从语言适应论的角度来看,翻译过程是以译者为中心,为适应动态的文外和文内语境各要素的变量而不断选择和使用语言进行交流的过程。语言的变异性、协商性使目标文本的建构和语言表达方式的选择呈现出动态适应性。由于译者的意图及社会心智、目标读者的期待视野、译语文化环境等文外因素是动态变化的,不同文本类型风格各异,因而译文的评价不能脱离其特定的语用环境。翻译标准不是规定性的,语言结构对象与具体使用语境相关成分相互的动态适应使翻译标准具有多元性和相对性。

From the perspective of linguistic adaptability,translation is a translator-centered communication in which language is chosen and used to adapt to dynamic extra-textual and intratextual factors.And the variability and negotiability of language can account for the dynamics of adaptability in the choice of the target linguistic expressions and the construction of target text.Translation quality assessment is generally closely related to its particular pragmatic context and translation criteria are not prescriptive but vary with such changing extra-factors as the translator＇s intentions and social intelligence in mental activities,such as the target audience＇s expectation and target cultural and situational context.It is the interadaptation of contextual correlates and structural objects in actual language use in translation that gives rise to the multiplicity and relativity of translation criteria.