爱默生超验主义的现代主义批判

The Modern Criticism on Emerson's Transcendentalism

19世纪美国著名哲学家、文学家爱默生因发起和领导了超验主义思想运动,而被尊为"美国精神的先知"和"美国的孔子",然而以现代人的视角审视,名噪一时的超验主义也存在一些缺陷和不足。现代主义是一个含义极其宽泛的哲学和文化概念;本文管中窥豹,尝试从现代心理学、辩证唯物主义和人本主义(人文主义)等哲学和文化的视角批判爱默生的核心思想体系"超验主义"的局限性,主要考察其核心理念"超灵"的反人性倾向、其"精神万能"的唯心主义实质和超验主义在方法论上迷信自恋人格并导致人格分裂的心理误区,指出它在这三方面的不足,以在现代主义语境的宏观视野下对超验主义聊作去伪存真之辩。

As a prominent American philosopher,poet,and essayist in the 19th century,R.W.Emerson initiated and led ＂Transcendental Movement＂ and is publicly respected as ＂foreseer of American mentality＂ and ＂American Confucius＂.But as is inspected from a modern angle,it cannot stand without defects.Based on close reading of transcendental doctrines and guided by the modern development of social science,this paper is dedicated to studying the defects of Transcendentalism in three aspects： the anti-humanism tendency of oversoul,the nature of mentalism with ＂spiritual omnipotence＂ and the addiction to narcissism and its consequent split in personality.