黄龙山油松林和油松+辽东栎混交林物种组成及优势种群动态

Species Compositions and Preponderant Population Dynamic of the Pinus tabulaeformis Forest and Pinus tabulaeformis+Quercus liaotungensis Forest in Huanglong Mountain

根据黄龙山油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林和油松+辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)混交林共6个群丛中27个典型样地调查资料,分析了松栎林群落物种组成、多样性指数和优势种群动态.结果表明:(1)松栎混交林中灌木层和草本层植物种数均大于油松林,且灌木和草本种类因群落生境不同而有差异.(2)物种多样性分析显示,油松林和松栎混交林中由于生境不同导致灌木层物种多样性差异最大.(3)优势种群分析表明,油松林中阴坡幼苗数量较多,种群最大的为Ⅳ和Ⅴ龄级个体;松栎混交林中油松和辽东栎幼苗充足,到Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄级二者均大量减少,此后油松个体增加而辽东栎减少,说明松栎林发育过程中各层次植物物种相互制约,优势种群之间也存在竞争,且受生境条件影响较大.(4)主成分分析表明,气温、土壤、光照和总郁闭度是主要影响因子.因此,在未来森林抚育中应适当减少优势种群密度,促进异龄化;采取有效措施合理搭配灌木和草本,强化对森林发育有利的因素,提高林分质量.

Based on the data obtained from 27 plots of the Pinus tabulaeformis forest and P.tabulaeformis＋Quercus liaotungensis forest in Huanglong Mountain,we analyzed the species compositions,diversity and preponderant population dynamic.It was shown that：（1）The plant species of shrub and herb in P.tabulaeformis＋Q.liaotungensis forest were more than that of P.tabulaeformis forest in Huanglong Mountain.The species of shrub and herb were different to the each community habitat.（2）The diversities of shrubs in the two forest types were significantly different because of the different community habitats.（3）The preponderant population dynamic analysis indicated that：the seedlings individuals made up a large proportion in the shady-slope in P.tabulaeformis forest.Then the density of the Ⅳ and Ⅴ age class individuals reached to the maximum in population A1,A2 and A3.The seedlings individuals were in abundance in P.tabulaeformis＋Q.liaotungensis forest.The Ⅱ,Ⅲ age class individuals were decreasing,then P.tabulaeformis individuals were increasing but Q.liaotungensis individuals decreasing with age in population B1,B2 and B3.It was indicated that the different layers of the two forest types were mutual restriction,the competition existed in the preponderant populations.（4）PCA showed that temperature,soil,light and coverage of community were main major factoes.In factors the effective measures should be taken to reasonable match shrub and herb,strengthen the favorable factors for the forest development,and improving the stand quality in the future.