基于mtDNA COⅠ基因的十种长小蠹分子系统进化研究(鞘翅目:长小蠹科)

Molecular phylogeny of ten Platypodid species(Coleoptera:Platypodidae)based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰgene

全世界记录的长小蠹（鞘翅目：长小蠹科）有1500余种,其分类地位一直存在争议。本研究通过分子基因信息探讨长小蠹科昆虫的分子系统进化关系,测定了中对长小蠹Euplatypus parallelus（Fabricius）、希氏长小蠹E.hintziSchaufuss、散对长小蠹E.solutusSchedl、杯长小蠹Dinoplatypus cupulatus Chapuis、小杯长小蠹D.cupulatulusSchedl、芦苇黄截尾长小蠹D.calamusBlandford、五棘长小蠹Diapus quinquespinatusChapuis、锥长小蠹Treptoplatypus solidusWalk、栎长小蠹Platypus quercivorusMurayama和东亚长小蠹P.lewisiBlandford等长小蠹科5属10种mtDNA COⅠ基因部分序列（549bp）;采用MEGA3.1分析了序列组成及遗传距离,应用PAUP4.0分别构建了长小蠹NJ,MP和ML等3种分子系统树,同时结合长小蠹的形态分类,探讨10种长小蠹及其所在属的系统进化。结果表明：长小蠹科昆虫在碱基使用频率上有很大的偏向性;长小蠹科与外群小蠹科松瘤小蠹Orthotomicus erosusWollaston之间的遗传距离（0.288~0.338）远大于科内种间距离（0~0.226）;Diapus属分化最早,Euplatypus属独成一支,Treptohlatypus,Dinoplatypus和Platypus3属分化为一支。长小蠹科分子系统进化研究结果与Wood（1993）新修订的分类系统基本一致,说明长小蠹科的分类系统更趋于合理。

There are more than 1 500 species of Platypodid beetles（Coleoptera：Platypodidae）known around the world.The taxonomy of this group is disputable.The phylogenetic relationships of Platypodid beetles is explored based on molecular gene information in this study.The mtDNA COⅠgene sequences（549 bp）of ten Platypodid species [Euplatypus parallelus（Fabricius）,Euplatypus hintzi Schaufuss,Euplatypus solutus Schedl,Dinoplatypus cupulatus Chapuis,Dinoplatypus cupulatulus Schedl,Dinoplatypus calamus Blandford,Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis,Treptoplatypus solidus Walk,Platypus quercivorus Murayama and Platypus lewisi Blandford ] were sequenced.Software MEGA3.1 was used to analyze the sequence composition and genetic distances.Three molecular phylogenetic trees of Platypodidae were reconstructed using PAUP4.0 according to distance/neighbor-joining,maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods.The molecular results were compared with the morphological taxonomy.Furthermore,the phylogenetic relationship among the species and genera to which each species belongs was discussed.The results show that the genetic distances between Platypodid species and the outgroup Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston of Scolytidae（0.288-0.338）are higher than those within Platypodid species（0-0.226）.Genus Diapus is diverged the earliest from the phylogeny tree,and then the genus Euplatypus.Genera Treptohlatypus,Dinoplatypus and Platypus are closely related and diverged last.The result of molecular phylogeny of the Platypodidae is basically the same as that based on morphology revised by Wood（1993）.This indicates that the taxonomy system of Platypodidae has become more reasonable.