铜绿山铜铁矿大直径深孔采矿技术试验研究

Experimental Study on Large-diameter Long Hole Mining Techniques at Tonglushan Copper-Iron Mine

铜绿山铜铁矿采用大直径深孔采矿方法(VCR法)开采。多年来采场跨塌频繁,严重地影响了生产,并带来很大的采矿贫化损失。调查表明,岩性变差与凿岩爆破工艺不合理是采场跨塌的主要诱因。为此,将VCR法爆破改为后退式分段侧向多排微差控制爆破,并在不稳固地段和采场边孔采用不耦合装药方式实行减弱装药。对孔内爆轰波的试验研究表明,不耦合条状药包爆破的爆轰波传播距离可达6m以上,无需增加起爆弹可直接起爆下一分段的药包。为此将弱间隔的2段药包,合并为1段起爆。该法简化了装药结构,方便了减弱装药措施的实施。另外,为减少爆尘、减轻炮泥搬运负担,试验采用了水封爆破。该工艺在7313采场经过1a多的试验,获得了预期满意的效果,随后在全矿类似矿体推广应用,解决了矿山多年来因采场跨塌带来的负面影响。

The large-diameter long hole mining methods are used at Tonglushan Copper-Iron Mine.Frequent rock-falls within stopes for many years have interrupted production and brought great ore loss and pollution.The investigation showed that the bad rock and unreasonable drilling and blasting were the main inducing factor of stope collapse.For this,VCR blasting was changed into the lateral retrogressive millisecond control blasting with charging weakened,and the decouple charging method was adopted for the holes with instable rock mass and stope sides.The in-hole propagation of detonation showed that the propagation distance of the decouple charging blasting could be over 6 m.Without denotation,the next charging can be blasted directly.By this way,two small sections of charging can be merged into one section.This method simplifies the charge structure,and it is convenient for implementing the charging process.To reduce the blasting dust and the waste rocks transport,the water-seal blasting was adopted in tests.Good expected results were obtained through the trial at 7313 stope in the past one year,and all of the collapse problems above in the mine were solved in the later by applying the new methods.