反哺趋势下农村收入差距的研究述评

A Commentary Review on the Regional Inequality of Rural Areas in China

从宏微观两个层面对农村收入差距的研究进行了评述,在此基础上,从自然地理和新经济地理的角度,综述了气候条件等自然资源和农村工业化等产业特征对农村地区差距的影响。自然地理强调不同地区之间的地理差异对收入差距的作用,而新经济地理则强调即使最初结构相同或者相似,也会表现出经济上的空间差异。单纯就农业而言,自然地理可以认为是帮助解释农村地区之间出现差异的初始条件,而新经济地理可以解释初始差异通过正负反馈被放大的方式和作用机制,二者对解释农村地区收入差距的形成机制具有相应的解释能力。在工业反哺农业、城市反哺农村的过程中,理清自然地理和新经济地理对地区差距形成的作用机制,对当前正确选择同各地区资源禀赋和发展阶段相适应的反哺路径和模式具有积极的现实意义。

This paper is a commentary review on income discrepancy in rural areas in China.At first,it reviews and comments the description and analysis from macro perspective as well as combining the analysis of the practical investigating data from micro perspective,and then analyses the effect on the rural discrepancy of natural resources like climate conditions and rural industrializing features from the perspective of nature geography and new economic geography respectively.The nature geography focuses on the effort that the geographical difference makes on the income discrepancy in different areas.While the new economic geography thinks that there is still space difference in economy even with same or similar initial structure.For agriculture itself,the nature geography is used to explain the original conditions of the equality,meanwhile the new economic geography just shows the way that the initial difference is amplified through positive and negative feedbacks and its function mechanism.Both of them can explain the formation mechanism that causes the income gap in rural area.