消“和”以归“同”:康有为的和谐思想及其内在困境

Elimination of "Neutralization" into "Same":Kang Youwei's Concept of Harmony and its Inherent Difficulties

康有为思想体系中一以贯之的是其和谐理念:"以仁为本"的本体论奠定了宇宙万物和谐了的形上学基石;立足自然人性论,对人欲的讴歌使得人的身心完成了自我和谐;平等价值的诉求成为解决社会纷争,达到社会和谐的价值尺度;破除"九界"实现大同,从而为人类设计了和谐世界为归宿。由于近代中国救亡的时代主题使得康有为以平等压制了自由、以集体湮没了个体、以大同扼制了人的全面发展,忽视了和谐理想状态是多样性的统一,最终消"和"以归"同",其和谐思想陷入了重重困境。

Concept of harmony rims through the ideological system of Kang Youwei： ＂Jen - oriented＂ ontology of the universe lays the metaphysical cornerstones of a harmonious; Natural theory of human nature which is based on the wishes, makes people onmplete a self- harmony in physical and mental; Equal value becomes the idea to solve the social strife and reach the measure of value social harmony; Getting rid of ＂nine circles＂ is to achieve common ground for human designed for the end - result of a harmonious world. Since the era of modem China, the theme of salvation makes Kang suppress freedom for equal, annihilate the individual for the collective, curb the all - round development for Tatung and neglect the ideal state of harmony which is unity in diversity. Elimination of＂ neutralization＂ into ＂same＂ makes Kang Youwei＇ s concept of harmony run into inherent difficulties.