活性氧在气孔运动中的作用

The role of reactive oxygen species in stomatal movement

水分代谢是植物基础代谢的重要组成部分,气孔开关精细地调节着植物水分散失和光合作用。气孔运动受到多种因子的调控,保卫细胞内大量的第二信使分子是响应外界刺激、调节保卫细胞代谢方式、改变保卫细胞水势进而引起气孔开关的重要功能组分。细胞内的活性氧就是其中重要的成员之一。保卫细胞中的活性氧包括过氧化氢、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基等,这些活性氧可以通过光合作用、呼吸作用产生或通过专门的酶催化合成,在触发下游生理反应、完成信号转导后由专门的酶将其清除。在植物激素(脱落酸、水杨酸)、一氧化氮、质外体钙调素、细胞外ATP等因子调节气孔运动的过程中,活性氧都发挥了介导作用。该文对于近年来活性氧在气孔运动过程中发挥的作用方面的研究进展进行了综述。

Water metabolism is an important part of plant metabolism. Stomatal opening and closing modulate water loss and photosynthesis. Stomatal movement is regulated by many factors. Secondary messengers in guard cells are important signal transduction components, which respond to extracellular stimuli, modulating intracellular metabolism, regulating water potential and finally triggering stomatal movement. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） is one of these secondary messengers. There are three kinds of reactive oxygen species in guard cells： H2O2, superoxide and HO·. These ROS can be generated through photosynthetic or respiratory pathway, or be synthesized by special enzymes. Reactive oxygen species play a key role in stomatal movement, which are triggered by phytohormone （abscisic acid, salicylic acid）, NO, apoplastic calmodulin, extracellular ATP, etc. In this paper, research progress about the role of ROS in stomatal movement was reviewed.