不同耕作措施对大豆光合特性和产量影响

Effect of Different Tillages on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Yield of Soybean

在黑龙江西部干旱地区,研究了秋旋、深松、春旋和原垄卡4种耕作措施以及中耕对大豆初花期光合特性、水分利用效率和产量的影响。研究结果表明：原垄卡和深松能有效的提高大豆初花期光合速率和水分利用效率,延缓叶绿素的降解,增加干物质积累。中耕后各处理光合速率降低0.8~1.28μmolm-2s-1不等,水分效率最高降低12%,不利于作物抗旱。两年产量数据显示原垄卡和深松耕且不中耕能极显著提高该地区大豆产量,两年最大增幅达18.3%和32.2%。在干旱年份,传统旋耕特别是春旋和中耕措施不同幅度上降低了大豆产量。

Experiments were conducted to research on four cultivation measures of autumn rotary tilling, deep loosening, spring rotary tilling and no tillage as well as the effect of inter- tillage on photosynthetic characteristics, water utilization efficiency and yield of soybean at initial bloom stage in west arid district of Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that no tillage and deep loosening could effectively enhance photosynthetic rate and water utilization efficiency of soybean, delay degradation of chlorophyll and increase the accumulation of dry matter. Inter- tillage could reduce the photosynthetic rates of 0.8 - 1.28 μmol m-2 s-1 and water efficiency reduction was up to 12%, which is harmful to crop drought resistance. Two- year yield data showed that no tillage and deep loosening, not being inter- tillage could significantly improve soybean yield of this area, and the maximum yields reached 18.3% and 32.2%. In arid years, traditional rotary tilling, especially spring rotary tilling and inter- tillage could reduce soybean yield in different extent, which is unsuitable for agricultural cultivation of this area.