清政府挽救蒙古茶叶利权的措施——围绕《中俄陆路通商章程》的签订及两次修订

The Measures of Qing Government Preserving the Mongolia Tea Trade Rights——Based on the Signing and the Twice Amendments of Trading Rules of Sino-Russia Land Route

19世纪以来,茶叶贸易在中俄两国的边境及陆路贸易中占有绝对优势。但随着列强侵华的加剧,中俄两国贸易的公平性逐渐被颠覆。同治元年《中俄陆路通商章程》的签订及后来的两次修订,使蒙古地区的中俄茶叶贸易发生了重大变化,俄国逐步占领了蒙古市场,对蒙古地区的经济、政治以及民族关系都造成了巨大影响。面对蒙古利权的步步沦丧,清政府内部也反响非常,并一度采取了积极措施,只是在内外扰攘的时局下,这些措施不足以挽救蒙古利权。

The tea-trade had an absolute advantage on both border and land route between China-Russia since the Nineteenth century and then trade equity in China—Russia went on inquired with the worsening of the Invasion powers.The signing and the twice amendments of＂Trading Rules of Sino-Russia Land Route＂in Tongzhi first year,which had significant impact on Mongolia economic,political,ethnic relations,changed the China-Russia trade in Mongolia and made the Russia capture the Mongolia market.Qing government reacted greatly and measured actively on the losing rights on Mongolia.however,the measurements didn＇t preserving the China rights on Mongolia on that current political situation.