认同与承认——基于西方相关政治理论的思考

Thinking about the Identity and Recognition:Basing on Related West Political Theories

集群且多元,是人类政治生活的基本特征之一。西方学者关于这一议题的学术性争论,对于多民族国家的政治理念和制度安排具有重要的参考意义和价值。总括起来看,普遍主义的基本理论预设在于公民身份不可争辩的唯一性,并据此主张消解公民的民族身份;而文化多元主义虽然部分地反对普遍主义,但强调公民身份的最高地位并将民族身份置于次要的位置。然而,普遍主义和文化多元主义似乎都没有注意到,多民族国家中的公民身份和民族身份其实是一体的两面,而不是处在"连续统"的不同位阶上的两个不同身份。在多元社会中,多元政治的存在本身就势必要求建立一个能够包容多元的制度架构和法律规范,而在这样一个具有利益表达功能的包容性架构下,民族群体显然应该被视为一个政治集团而不是被剥离掉政治属性的文化集团。本文从相关争论的整理与综述入手,分析了整合多民族社会的不同方案。

In the political life,we must considerate about the multi-aggregation of society. The controversies in the West academy are important and valuable information for the construction of the political conception and institution of the multi-nationality state. Briefly,universalism argues that the ethnic identification should be dispelled according to the uncontroversial and unique civil identification. Cultural pluralism argues that the civil identification is not unique and emphasizes that the civil identification is higher than the ethnic identification. However,they did not notice that there is not a hierarchical relationship between the civil and ethnic identification in a multi-nationality state. Actually,the two identifications are two aspects of the same. In a pluralistic society,pluralistic politics requests an institutional framework and legal norm under which multi-formation can tolerated. Within the flexible framework for the interest articulation,an ethnic group should be regarded apparently as a political group but not a cultural group which has no political attribute. This paper also reviews and analyzes systematically the different solutions for the integration of the multi-nationality state.