南京市322例2岁幼儿贝利发育量表调查分析

Analysis of 322 Cases of 2-Year-Old Children Testing Results with Bayley Scales of Infant Development in Nanjing

目的通过分析南京322例2岁幼儿智能发育状况及特征,为合理指导婴幼儿早期综合发展提供科学依据。方法采用贝利婴幼儿发育量表对随访的322名2岁南京城区幼儿进行智能发育评估,并对其结果进行研究分析。结果 1.幼儿322例中智力发展指数(MDI)≤69占3.1%,精神运动发展指数(PDI)≤69占5.6%;2.MDI均值为114.34±19.65,显著高于PDI均值(101.73±21.53)(t=9.71,P<0.01),智力量表中有关形状辨别及语言言语方面的测试项目(153,155,156,157,158,160)通过年龄较1992年常模提前,运动测试量表中有关平衡能力的测试项目(56,57,58,59,61)通过年龄较1992年常模滞后;3.女童MDI均值(117.60±19.22),显著高于男童MDI均值(111.35±19.61)(t=2.89,P<0.05),主要表现在语言和注意力的能力方面;女童PDI均值(103.47±20.04)与男童PDI均值(100.14±22.75)比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.39,P>0.05)。结论本研究人群智能发育迟滞发生率与WHO报道的精神发育迟滞发病率基本一致;幼儿智能发育存在运动发展和智力发展的差异及性别差别。因此,在儿童保健工作中应切实落实儿童早期智能筛查,指导家长进行智力与运动发育并重的科学养育方法 ,促进儿童的早期全面发展。

Objective To provide scientific evidences for improving children early integrated development,through analyzing the mental developmental status and characteristics of 322 cases of 2 - year - old children in Nanjing. Methods Intelligence and motor development condition in 322 cases of 2 - year - old children were assessed by using Bayley Scales of Infant Development test, and the assessed results were analyzed. Results 1. The incidences of the children whose mental development index （MDI） or psychomotor development index （PDI） were under 69 were 3.1% and 5.6% ,respectively;2. The MDI mean score （ 114.34 ± 19.65 ） was significantly higher than that of PDI （ 101.73 ± 21.53） （t = 9.71 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. In intelligence tests, the average ages of the children who passed those items involving in shape perception,lan- guage and speech abilities （153,155,156,157,158,160） were younger than those children in the norm of 1992. But in motor tests,the avera- ge ages of those children who passed those items involving in balance ability （56,57,58,59,61） were older than those children in the nornl of 1992 ;3. The MDI mean score of female （ 117.60 ± 19.22） was significantly higher than that of male （ 111.35 ± 19.61 ） （ t = 2.89, P 〈 0. 05 ）, focused on the items about the language and attention ability. But there was no obvious difference between PDI mean score of female （ 103.47 ±20.04） and that of male （ 100.14 ±22.75） （t = 1.39,P 〉0.05）. Conclusions The incidences of mental retardation in this study were consistent with the result reported by World Health Organization. There were differences between motor and intelligence development in children, as well as the intelligence development between male and female. Therefore, it should be implemented early childhood developmental screening in child health care. Parents should be given scientific guides about intelligence and motor development of children.