国内城市空间环境与犯罪关系研究评析

A REVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND CRIME IN CHINA

首先统计分析1980年代以来中国知网、维普以及万方三大数据库中我国城市空间环境与犯罪关系研究的文献数量和研究进展。进而基于城市规划的视角,将文献分为"犯罪空间分布研究-犯罪与空间环境关系研究-空间环境设计预防犯罪对策研究"三个方面进行评析,指出当前国内研究多为对国外理论或实践的介绍,实证研究匮乏,加之针对我国城市环境与犯罪关系的研究系统性欠缺,各环节研究存在脱节现象,导致提出的环境设计预防对策缺乏可操作性。最后指出国内这一研究领域存在的问题及未来有待发展的方向。

Urban crime is one of the most important issues affecting people＇s life. The relationship between physical environment and urban crime interests the researchers of the disciplines like criminology, geography, urban planning and architecture. This paper reviews 83 papers of the past 23 years in China. The paper consists of four parts. The first part is a brief introduction to this paper. In the second part, the sources of these papers are introduced. This is followed by an introduction to the ways these papers are categorized, especially by discipline and study type. In the third part, the authors analyze the quantity of researches of every year which appears an ascending trend especially in the past eight years. The distribution of the researches in different disciplines is that the papers of the urban planning account for 38 percent, the papers of criminology occupy 28 percent, the papers of geography occupy 22 percent and the papers of architecture occupy 12 percent. The analysis on study types indicates that 17 percent of the researches are empirical studies conducted in the cities of China. The remaining of the literatures are mainly the reviews of theories and/or applications overseas, and policy suggestions are not based on any basic or empirical studies. In the fourth part, all the pa- pers are divided into three groups according to their content, including the spatial distribution of crimes in urban areas, the relationship between urban environment and criminal behaviors, and the prevention of crime through urban environment planning and design. The analysis of the first group indicates that empirical stud- ies are scarce and most of the studies focused on the macro levels of a city or country instead of the micro level of urban environments. Both comprehensive factors in macro urban areas and concrete factors in different types of micro urban environments, such as residents, parks and industry areas are involved in the second group of studies. The analysis on the third group indicates that CPTED is the basic theory of the studies. Although this theory is introduced twenty years ago into China, few urban planning or designing projects have been conducted based on it. In the last part, the authors also put forward some suggestions for the future researches.