埃尔斯特对马克思革命理论的方法论个体主义重构

Elster’s Reconstruction of Marx’s Theory of Revolution by Methodological Individualism

埃尔斯特以方法论个体主义为原则对与革命相关的心理机制进行系统分析,认为只有重构臣民与臣民以及臣民与统治者之间的互动才能真正理解革命进程。他的研究为革命理论提供了微观视角,却忽视了社会宏观因素对人的动机的影响、在革命中杰出领导者的中心作用以及在不完全信息博弈中存在的压制。其事实上的自私理性人假设使他的分析和重构有时表现为物化意识的产物。

Elster undertook a systematic explication of the psychological mechanisms related to revolution by methodological individualism and thought that the correct way of understanding revolution is to reconstruct an interaction between subject and subject, and that between subjects and feudal rulers. His study offered a micro-perspective of revolutionary theory. However, he disregarded social macro-elements that effect human motives, such as the central role of outstanding leaders and oppression in the games with incomplete information. His infact presupposition of selfish rational agents makes his analysis and reconstruction partly become the product reified cognition.