整体政府：分割模式的一场管理革命

Holistic Government: an Administrative Revolution with a Fragmentation Pattern

以分工为基础、以各司其职和层级节制为特征的传统官僚制,日益导致了行政业务之间、政府各部门之间、各地方政府之间、垂直部门与地方政府之间、各行政层级之间的分割,形成了"碎片化"的分割管理模式。随着网络化、信息化的快速发展,这种管理模式的缺陷日益凸显,既妨碍了政府整体效能的实现、加大了部门间协调的成本,又妨碍了服务政府的建设、给公众办事带来了极大不便。整体政府就是针对分割和"碎片化"问题产生的一种新型的政府管理模式和运作机制。整体政府以元素服从集合、部分服从整体的系统论为核心理念,以业务协同和资源共享为特征,以目标、机构、资源、业务、服务及其提供途径等要素的整合为内容,以网络信息技术为支撑。整体政府是当代行政改革的新理念,是变革分割管理模式、实现"跨部门协作"的一场革命,是21世纪公共服务改革最迫切的需求,成为了学术研究的热门话题。

The traditional system of bureaucracy with a characteristic of separated power, separated function and hierarchical system increasingly causes segmentation between administrative affairs, between governmental branches, between local governments, between vertical branches and local governments, and between different administrative levels, forming a kind of fragmental administration pattern. With a rapid development of internet and information and their widespread application, the shortcomings of this administrative pattern become more apparent. This does not only frustrate the efficiency of the government as a whole, increases the costs of the cooperation of different branches, but also frustrates the construction of a service-oriented government, causing great inconvenience for the public. Holistic government is a new kind of governmental administrative pattern and functional system for settling the correspondent problems of segmentation and fragmentation. The core idea of holistic government is the systemic theory that requires the deference of element to aggregation and the subjection of part to the whole. The characteristic of holistic government carries on cooperation in operations and resources share. The content of holistic government is in conformity with the elements of target, organization, resources, opera- tion, service and its route of supply. The holistic government demands the support of internet information technology. Holistic government is a new idea of modern administrative reform, a revolution which changes the pattern of separated administration and realizes the cross-agency collaboration. It is the urgent demand of the 21st century public service reform, thus a hot topic for further discussion.