室内空气污染物暴露水平及影响因素分析

Exposure level of indoor air pollutents and its related factors

目的探讨室内主要空气污染物暴露水平及其影响因素。方法分别在2008年冬春和夏秋2个季节对100名儿童居室和教室内常见的空气污染物CO、CO2、NO2、可吸入颗粒(PM10)、甲醛、苯、甲苯进行检测。结果儿童居室内NO2的平均水平为冬春季(70.15μg/m3)高于夏秋季(61.16μg/m3),而甲醛平均水平则是夏秋季(61.18μg/m3)高于冬春季(43.91μg/m3);教室主要空气污染物CO、CO2、NO2的平均水平为冬春季高于夏秋季,而甲醛水平也是夏秋季水平高于冬春季(P=0.008);居室内CO、CO2、NO2水平主要与室内吸烟、使用燃气炉和住宅附近有机动车辆较多公路有关;而甲醛、苯、二甲苯水平则与1年内室内装修、1年内使用新家俱、室内吸烟有关。结论应针对儿童室内空气污染物相关影响因素,采用科学方法控制室内污染物暴露水平。

Objective To explore the indoor air pollution level and its related factors.Methods Carbon dioxide（CO2）,carbon monoxide（CO）,nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,benzene,toluene,formaldehyde,and PM10 were measured in bed-rooms and classrooms of 100 children in summer-autumn and winter-spring seasons.Results In the bedrooms,the NO2 level was higher in winter-spring（70.15 μg/m3） and the formaldehyde level was higher in summer-autumn（61.18 μg/m3）.In the classrooms,the level of CO,CO,and NO2 were higher in winter-spring and the formaldehyde level was higher in summer-autumn.Gas cooking,indoor smoking and residence near traffic way were predictors for high level of CO,CO2,NO2 and new furniture,new house,indoor smoking were predictors for exposure of formaldehyde,benzene,and toluene.Conclusion Based on the results scientific methods should be used to controll the indoor air pollution.