北京市成年人吸烟及被动吸烟情况分析

Smoking and passive smoking among adults in Beijing

目的了解北京市成年人群吸烟和被动吸烟情况。方法于2008年10-11月采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法对北京市18～79岁的常住居民22206人,进行问卷调查。结果全人群的吸烟率为33.2%,现在吸烟率为29.0%,男女性现在吸烟率分别为54.0%和2.9%,郊区与城区现在吸烟率分别为28.6%和25.6%;吸烟者以吸机制卷烟为主,人均吸烟量为14.7支/d,41.7%的人每天至少吸20支;吸第1支烟平均年龄为18.5岁,开始每天吸烟平均年龄为20.4岁;全市吸烟者戒烟率为15.4%,>50%吸烟者在2000年之后戒烟;43.4%的非吸烟者或戒烟者暴露于二手烟,其中40%的人每天被动吸烟,主要场所是家庭和工作场所。结论北京市成年人吸烟状况严重,控烟下降不明显。

Objective To understand the status of smoking and passive smoking among adults in Beijing.Methods Totally 22 206 adults aged 18-79 years were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method.All participants were invited to receive a face-to-face questionnaire interview.Results The smoking rate and current smoking rate among the adults were 33.2% and 29.0%,respectively.The current smoking rate was 54.0% for men and 2.9% for women.The current smoking rate of the adults in rural area was higher than that of in the urban（28.6% vs 25.6%）.The main type of tobacco was machine-made cigarette for the adults.On average,one smoker had 14.7 cigarettes per day,and 41.7% of all smokers had at least 20 cigarettes per day.The average age was 18.5 years for smokers having their first cigarette,and 20.4 years for starting to smoke every day.The rate of giving up smoking for the smokers was 15.4%,and more than half of them gave up smoking after the year of 2000.The prevalence of passive smoking in nonsmokers was 43.4%,and 40% of them exposed to second-hand smoke every day.The major exposure places were home and workplace.Conclusion The smoking and passive smoking status among adults in Beijing has improved,but the situation is still in its platform stage.Therefore,more effective tobacco control policies need to be established and implemented.