矿山土复垦利用试验

Reclamation and utilization of minesoils experiment.

利用分层随机取样法取得开滦矿区范矿南矸石回填复土区不同复土方式、不同复土年份、不同土地利用形式及不同深度的矿山土样品，对矿山土的养分状况、酸性污染与重金属污染规律进行了研究．结果表明，矸石回填复土区完全可以种植白菜、白薯、大豆、葡萄、紫穗槐等植物；此类矿山土的酸性污染可以通过条带式复土、全面复土方式得到有效地控制，而穴植法效果不佳，养分状况可通过种植紫穗槐或牧草得到改善；重金属元素含量没有超标，但试验点的矿山土培肥及表土受空气与粉尘污染造成表土的重金属元素含量高于３０ｃｍ处土壤．

Stratified random pattern is employed for sampling minesoils at Fan coal mine. Minesoils samples are taken at different locations, including three kinds of pattern of covering soil, four different land reclamation times and five kinds of land utilization. Nutrient condition, acidic pollution and heavy metals pollution of minesoils are studied. The results indicate that the reclaimed land by filling coal mining wastes into subsidence basin can be used for planting Chinese cabbage, sweet potato, grape, false indigo and so on. Acidic pollution can be effectively controlled by appropriate pattern of covering soil, such as overall covering and strip covering, but bunch planting can't control acidic pollution well. Nu trient condition can be improved by planting false indigo and forage grass on minesoils. The contents of heavy metals in minesoils do not go beyond the standard limit, but the contents of heavy metals in surface soil are higher than in buried soil beneath a depth of 30 cm.