微藻的高油脂化技术研究进展

Advances on Technology of Microalgal High-Lipid Production

温室效应与石化能源紧缺已成为全球问题,生物燃料作为一种可再生且环境友好的替代能源受到人们的普遍关注。不少微藻油含量高,环境适应性强,净碳值几乎为零,被认为是生物质能,尤其是生物柴油最重要的原料来源之一。本文综述了油脂微藻的国内外研究现状,并对高油脂微藻藻种筛选、高密度培养,以及提高微藻油脂含量和产油速率的可能方法进行了讨论;阐述了采用基因工程技术调控微藻脂类代谢途径生产高油脂的可能性;最后介绍了以CO2废气为碳源,膜生物反应器强化微藻培养技术,为进一步降低微藻产油成本,提高微藻生物柴油经济性提出了一条极有可能实现工业化的潜在高效生产途径。

Recently,bio-fuels receive extensive attention as a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source due to the global issues of both greenhouse effects and conventional fossil fuels shortage.Microalgae,with the merits of environmental adaptability,high photosynthetic efficiency,neutral net carbon value and high lipid content,has become one of the most important raw materials for bio-fuels production,especially for the biodiesel production.In this paper,the advances of technology in microalgal culture with high lipid content are reviewed worldwide.The selection of high-lipid microalgae species,high-density culture of high-lipid microalgae and approaches to increase both the microalgal lipid content and the lipid production rate are discussed.The feasibility of microalgal lipid metabolism regulated by genetic engineering technology is elaborated.The intensified microalgal culture modes using the membrane bioreactor integrated with CO2 exhaust gas as the carbon source are introduced.The integrated technology will further reduce the cost for microalgal lipid production whilst making this process to be economical for the production of biodiesel.