蔬菜日光温室施肥与土壤养分状况研究

Study on the Fertilization of Vegetables and Soil Nutrient Condition in Sunlight Greenhouse

以咸阳市蔬菜日光温室为对象,调查、研究分析了施肥现状及不同种植年限日光温室有机质、全量和速效氮磷钾、盐分含量及pH变化情况。结果表明:蔬菜日光温室土壤普遍存在有机肥施用量不足、无机肥配合缺失和磷肥超量施用,施肥方法限于传统,施肥成本较高;土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮含量偏低,磷和钾相对富集,土壤养分失衡;硝态氮(NO3-)含量和土壤盐分增加明显,但土壤pH有所降低;盲目施肥是导致土壤养分失衡的根本原因,推广测土配方施肥新技术是解决日光温室蔬菜施肥和土壤养分问题的根本途径。

The study is conducted in Xianyang vegetables sunlight greenhouse where the fertilization and the nutrient, salinity as well as pH of greenhouse soil, is investigated and analyzed in terms of planting years. The results show that most of vegetable greenhouses are insufficient of organic fertilizer, that fertilizer is partially or excessively applied, that application methods is confined traditionally and application cost is relatively high, that the organic elements, total nitrogen, available nitrogen in soil is low, and that phosphorus and potassium abounds .Additionally, nitrate nitrogen （NO3-）and salinity dramatically increase and soil pH decrease. All these factors caused the nutrient imbalance of soil. This imbalance roots in blind fertilizer application. Therefore, the expansion of soil test and formula fertilization technique is the primary approach by which the fertilizer application of vegetables and the imbalance of soil nutrients in sunlight greenhouse are solved.