石香薷精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性研究及其成分分析

Composition and bioactivity of the essential oils from Mosla chinensis against Aedes albopictus

目的测定石香薷(Moslem chinensis Maxim)精油对白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)的生物活性,分析石香薷精油的化学成分,为开发植物源蚊虫控制剂提供研究基础。方法水蒸汽蒸馏法提取石香薷精油;采用浸液法测定精油对白纹伊蚊4龄期幼虫及蛹的毒杀活性;采用人体局部涂肤法测试其对成蚊的驱避活性;通过气相色谱-质谱联用法分析石香薷精油的化学成分。结果 (1)石香薷精油对4龄期幼虫及蛹的24hLC50值分别为78.820和122.656μg/ml;(2)涂抹1.5mg/cm2的纯精油,对成蚊有(2.330±0.167)h的完全保护时间,6h后仍然有56%的保护率;(3)从精油中共检出44种化合物,鉴定出39种,占总量的98.67%。主要成分有:对-聚伞花素(23.17%)、香荆芥酚(16.83%)、百里香酚(14.92%)、2-异丙基-4-甲基茴香醚(12.89%)、桉树脑(8.48%)、石竹烯(3.96%)、α-石竹烯(3.16%)和乙酸瑞香酯(2.71%)。结论石香薷精油对白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊均有较强的生物活性,具有从中发现新的灭蚊天然活性化合物和研发成环保型蚊虫控制剂的潜力。

Objective The bioactivity of the essential oils from Mosla chinensis against Aedes albopictus was determined,and the chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed to provide the basis for development of botanical mosquito control agents.Methods The essential oils were extracted from M.chinensis using steam distillation.The bioactivity of the essential oils against 4th instar Ae.albopictus larvae and pupae was determined using immersion tests,and the repellent activity was examined using human skin tests.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils from M.chinensis.Results（1） The 24 h LC50 values for 4th instar Ae.albopictus larvae and pupae were 78.820 μg/ml and 122.656 μg/ml,respectively;（2） application of 1.5 mg/cm2 pure essential oils provided（2.330±0.167） h of complete protection time against adult mosquitoes,and 56% of the protective effects remained beyond 6 h;and（3） a total of 44 compounds were detected from the essential oils and 39 were identified,accounting for 98.67%.The main components included p-cymene（23.17%）,5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol（16.83%）,thymol（14.92%）,Benzene,2-methoxy-4-methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）（12.89%）,eucalyptol（8.48%）,caryophyllene（3.96%）,α-caryophyllene（3.16%） and thymol acetate（2.71%）.Conclusion The essential oils from M.chinensis had strong bioactivities on both Ae.albopictus larvae and adult mosquitoes.New natural active compounds may be found from these essential oils for development of environment-friendly mosquito control agents.