空间差值检验方法在地面气象资料质量控制中的应用

A Research on the Application of Spatial Difference Method in Quality Control of Surface Meteorological Data

将差值稳定性原理引入气象资料质量控制中,形成了一种新的资料空间一致性检验方法——空间差值检验法,并利用2007年代表我国7个行政区的7个基本观测站的逐日平均气压、最高气压、最低气压、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均水汽压、平均地表温度、最高地表温度和最低地表温度共10个要素的观测资料,检验该方法在气象资料质量检验中的适用性。结果表明空间差值检验方法能有效的检验出可疑数据,并且可以给出具有明确统计意义的误判率。通过对添加的随机人为误差的检验,可以证明该方法相对于目前广泛使用的空间回归法具有更好的检验效果,但是与一般空间检验方法相同,该方法的检验效果与观测站间待检要素的相关程度有关。

A new Quality Control （QC） technique called spatial difference method is introduced in detail and ap- plied to spatial checking of some basic meteorological elements at seven representative stations in China for the year of 2007 in order to evaluate the applicability of this approach. The checking tests are conducted on ten basic meteor- ological elements including daily mean pressure, maximum pressure, minimum pressure, mean temperature, max- imum temperature, minimum temperature, mean vapor pressure, mean surface temperature, maximum surface temperature, and minimum surface temperature. It is shown that this method works well in identifying errors of single meteorological element. As compared with spatial regression test on discriminating artificial＇errors, the spa- tial difference method is more effective. Furthermore, same as the other spatial checking methods, the distribution of neighboring weather stations should be concerned necessarily as influence factors.