高年资临床一线护士职业身心体验的质性研究

Qualitative study of physical and psychological experiences of senior nurses

目的了解高年资临床一线护士的职业身心体验,为管理者制定人性化护理管理制度提供依据。方法采用质性研究方法中的现象学研究方法 ,深入访谈11名高年资临床一线护士。结果提炼出4个主题:①生理机能减退(工作力不从心,睡眠障碍);②特殊的心理变化(情绪不稳,易激惹,易患身心疾病;转岗、离岗心理);③压力大(工作压力增大;家庭压力增大);④工作经验丰富(丰富的临床护理经验;能够完全掌握病人的心理;病人的信任及融洽的护患关系;高度的责任心;较强的带教能力和科研能力)。结论护理管理者应注意临床一线护士的身心变化,减轻护士的压力,减少护士的分流,提高临床一线护士的工作待遇和社会地位,确保护理质量的提高。

Objective To understand the occupational experiences of senior clinical nurses so as to provide evidences for managers to establish humanized nursing policies. Methods Phenomenological method was adopted and 11 senior clinical nurses were interviewed in depth. Results Four themes were put forward ：①physiolog/cal function impairment （physical degradation and sleep disorders） , ②special psychological changes （emotional instability,irritability, susceptibility of physical and mental diseases, psychological problems of job transformation and resigning） , ③pressure from job and family, ④rich work experience （rich clinical nursing experience,fully grasping the patient＇s psychology, patient＇s trust and harmonious relationship between patients and nurses, high responsibility, stronger teaching and research abilities）. Conclusion Nursing managers should pay attention to the physical and psychological changes of senior clinical nurses, alleviate the pressure of nurses, prevent nurses from transferring to other jobs, and improve work conditions and social status of clinical nurses, thereby to improve the quality of nursing.