球腹蒲螨引致幼儿园内皮炎暴发的调查与控制

Investigation and control of a dermatitis outbreak by Pyemotes ventricosus in the kindergarten

目的调查一起幼儿园内群体性皮炎的情况及其原因,并指导开展防治。方法在现场进行流行病学调查和环境调查,采集样本进行镜检,分析原因并提出防治措施。结果全园累计有102人发生皮疹,罹患率为47%(102/217)。皮疹主要以脖子和躯干为多,一般持续3～4 d即消褪自愈,但回园后又多有复发,临床诊断皮疹为螨类引起的丘疹性荨麻疹。调查发现课室的木凳被加州粉蠹严重蛀蚀,蛀蚀率达51.8%(99/191);随机抽查62张被蛀蚀木凳,平均有160个虫蛀孔;各个班的病例构成比与被虫蛀木凳的构成比相关(r=0.943,P<0.05)。在加州粉蠹的尸体上和被其蛀蚀掉出的木凳粉屑中均检出球腹蒲螨。结论这是一起由寄生于蛀蚀木制品的加州粉蠹体上的球腹蒲螨引致的皮炎暴发事件,在一些大量使用木制品的场所(如托幼机构、学校等)应引起重视。采取清除被蠹虫蛀蚀的木制品;适当使用氯菊酯杀灭游离螨虫;对环境进行清洁处理、被褥和用品置太阳暴晒等防治措施,可取得满意的防治效果。

Objective To investigate the circumstances,the causes of dermatitis outbreak in the kindergarten and give directions to control.Methods The epidemiology of the dermaitis and enviroment in the outbreak spot had been investigated.The samples collected in the spot had been inspected by microscope.Revealing the cause of the dermatitis based on the data of investigation,the control measures had been determined.Results There were totally 102 people rashing in the whole kingergarten,the attack rate was 47%（102/217）.The dermatitis diagnosed as acarodermatitis were happened mainly on the necks and trunks,which usually lasted for 3-4 days until natural cured.Most of the recovered children would recurred when they returned to the kindergarten.It was found that wood chairs in classrooms had been decayed seriously by Trogoxylon aequale,the moth-eaten rate was 51.8%（99/191）.There were 160 moth-eaten holes in average by a random checked of 62 moth-eaten wood chairs.The case component ratio of various classes was relevant with the component ratio of the moth-eaten wood chairs（r=0.943,P0.05）.Pyemotes ventricosus was found in both the corpse of Trogoxylon aequale and the wood dust of chairs.Conclusion This is a acarodermatitis outbreak caused by Pyemotes ventricosus parasitizing on Trogoxylon aequale which boring in woodwork.It shoud be paid attention to where woodwork were extensive used,such as kindergarten and school.Satisfactory control effect will be achieved if the appropriate measures carried out： getting rid of the moth-eaten woodwork,killing free mites by permethrin properly,enviroment cleaning,beddings and supplies exposuring in sunlight and so on.