酸性紫色土定位施肥对甘蓝产量和品质的影响

Effects of Located Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Cabbage in Acid Purple Soil

通过4a田间小区试验研究了定位施肥对甘蓝产量、品质和经济效益的影响.结果表明,不同年份各施肥处理对产量和品质的影响有所差异,尤以品质的差异较大.4a甘蓝平均产量,与CK(无肥处理)相比,不同肥料组合对甘蓝有显著的增产作用,产量提高6.7%～37.4%,以N30P15K20Ca150处理的产量最高,其次为N30P15K20B0.2和N30P15K20处理;与OPT处理相比,在N30P15K20(OPT)基础上同时增施磷钾肥产量降低1.5%,而配施钙、硼产量分别增加9.6%和3.8%.2003-2006年,与CK相比,肥料养分组合可提高甘蓝氨基酸、粗蛋白、Vc、可溶性糖含量,改善其品质.与OPT处理相比,在OPT基础上同时增施磷、钾肥,对甘蓝氨基酸和Vc含量有提高作用,而配施钙肥提高氨基酸、粗蛋白和Vc含量,以氨基酸含量提高量最大(达10.0%),增施硼肥可提高的甘蓝氨基酸、Vc和可溶性糖含量.各处理中以OPT处理对降低甘蓝硝酸盐含量效果最佳.综合产量、品质和经济效益,N30P15K20Ca150为甘蓝优质高产最佳养分组合.

Field plot experiments were conducted for four years（2003-2006）to study the effects of located fertilization on yield,quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that the effects of various fertilization treatments differed with years,especially the effect on cabbage quality.On the average for the four years,fertilizer application increased cabbage yield by 6.7%~37.4% compared with the no-fertilizer CK.The highest yield was obtained in the treatment N30 P15K20Ca150,followed by the treatments N30P15K20B0.2 and N30P15K20.Compared with OPT（N30P15K20）,additional application of P and K decreased the yield by 1.5%,and additional application of Ca or B increased the yield by 9.6% or 3.8%,respectively.The contents of amino acid,crude protein,Vc and reductive sugar increased in different fertilizer combinations and the nutrition quality of cabbage was significantly improved in comparison with CK.Compared with OPT,additional application of P and K enhanced the content of amino acid and Vc of cabbage,additional application of calcium fertilizer increased the contents of amino acid,crude protein and Vc,the percentage increase in amino acid being 10%,while additional application of B increased the contents of amino acid,Vc and reductive sugar.Of all the treatments designed,OPT gave the best result of decreasing the content of nitrate of cabbage.Taking all aspects into account,N30 P15K20Ca150 was the best nutrient combination for good-quality cabbage with high yield.