百姓日用而不知:明洪武十四年后户帖的流传

The Popularity of Residence Volume after the HongWu 14th of Ming Dynasty

户帖是明代开国之初户籍登记的权威性文件。洪武十四年之后,里甲黄册制度全面推行,户帖渐成具文,却从未远离百姓的日常生活。它不仅可以用来确认编户齐民的社会身份,而且是定居入籍的最好历史证明材料。随着明中叶以后流传和使用的日益普遍,户帖被越来越多的人用来作为构建祖先记忆和追求现实利益的工具。

Residence Volume is the authorized documentary system to register citizenship during the beginning years of Ming Dynasty. After HongWu 14th, Residence Volume gave its official place to LIJIAHUANGCE system, however, it never got away from the daily lives of civilians. Not only that it could be used to confirm the citizenship of the residents, Residence Volume was also the optimal certificate for immigration. Following its raising popularity and commonness after the midterm of Ming Dynasty, Residence Volume was extensively used by civilians to build their own charts of ancestors and to seek for actual benefits.