美国宪法中规范性语词“Shall”的立法表达与功能

The legislative express and function of "Shall"in the Constitution of the U. S. A.

通过对美国宪法文本中的规范性语词"shall"的词义演化和立法表达的梳理和实证分析,研究英文规范性语词"shall"的立法表达的规律及其法律功能,认为英文规范性语词"shall"在立法表达中具有多重含义,而正是"shall"的立法适用,有效创设了美国授权性宪法规范和禁止性宪法规范,进而建构了美国宪法结构中的权威统治和人权保障机制。

The legislative express and legal function of the normative word＂Shall＂can be explained in terms of the analysis of the usage of＂shall＂in the Constitution of the U.S.A.It is concluded that the normative word＂shall＂ creates the authorization norms and the prohibited norms which construct corporately authoritative rule and human rights protection in the constitutional structure.