30年来中国东北样带生态可持续性的时空分异

Spatiotemporal differentiation of ecological sustainability in Northeast China transect in recent 30 years

目前,可持续性已成为生态学者密切关注的焦点,成为国际社会的热点话题。在中国东北样带内沿降水的梯度变化方向,在不同生态类型区选取典型市(县)作为研究区,利用压力-状态-恢复力模型,选取适用于各类型区的通用指标和反映不同类型区生态环境差异的区域特征指标,构建了生态可持续性评价指标体系;运用遥感和G IS技术,获取并分析了各典型区不同时期的生态环境信息,从系统发展的演替过程评价了各典型区生态可持续性的变化趋势。研究结果表明:1986-2005年间,中国东北样带各类型区的生态可持续程度总体呈下降趋势,各类型区生态可持续指数的总体分布规律是林区>农林交错区>牧区>农牧交错区>农区;从生态可持续性的空间分布来看,1986-2005年间,各典型区变动均较大,特别是巴林右旗,而磐石市和抚松县的空间分布规律比较明显。

Sustainability has been the interested focus of ecologist and international society.Selecting typical cities（counties）in different ecological type area along the rainfall gradient direction as the study area,this paper uses the pressure-state-resilience model（PSR model） to select common indices and the local characteristic indices and establishes the evaluating indices of ecological sustainability for different type area in Northeast China transect（NECT）.Then,this paper studies the change trend of the ecological environment system,evaluates its ecological sustainability from system succession process supported by the remote sensing and GIS technology.The result shows that the ecological sustainability assumes the decreased tendency from 1986 to 2005 in different type area of NECT.The fundamental distribution rule of ecological sustainability index in decreasing sequence is that the forest region,the farming-forest region,the pastoral region,the farming-pastoral region and the farming region respectively.From the spatial distribution of ecological sustainability,it could be seen that the ecological sustainability index has greatly changed in every typical area in NECT from 1986 to 2005,especially in Balinyouqi.However,the spatial distribution rule is obvious in Panshi city and Fusong County.