梦想·回归·族群的否定——休斯、杜波依斯与图默短篇小说中的“私刑”再现

Dream,Home-backing and Negation of Communities:Representation of Lynching

美国黑人作家休斯、杜波依斯和简·图默的短篇小说,用不同的方式分别再现了私刑产生的冲突及原因,强调黑人男性对社会经济地位提高的愿望。他们努力改善和提高自我的生存状态,超越被规约的社会经济地位,与经济和教育上的束缚作斗争,却遭受了私刑的悲剧命运。作品用抒情手法再现私刑,是一种文体上的实验,从梦想、回归和族群的否定讲述主人公的欲望和追求,再现私刑,突显出私刑的不公正性和反人性。同时,警醒读者,私刑是一种绝望的社会行为,是对社会趋向平等的恐惧。

Reasons for lynching are explored in the short stories of Hughes, Dubois, and Jane Toomer. For the purpose of transcending their social and economic status prescribed by whites, three black heroes in the stories make efforts to change and improve their living status and meanwhile struggle to escape from controls economically and educationally, which makes them suffer from lynching by racists. Lynching is represented in the ways of lyricism, by which dream, home-backing, and negation of communities are presented to show desires and pursuits of the heroes. Though experimental, yet it is helpful to foreground the injustice and anti-humanity of lynching, and to arouse the awareness that lynching is a desperate social act, just the reflection of the fear of the equality in the society.