对我国行政审批程序进行改革的思考

On the Reform of Administrative Examination and Approval Procedure

"先具备条件,后审批"是我国各级政府现行的行政审批程序。这种程序导致公民、法人或者其他组织可以先"从事特定活动",后要求行政机关审批。改革开放以来出现的无序建设、产能过剩、行政审批腐败等问题,都与政府采用这种行政审批程序有关。多年来,我国用结构调整、淘汰落后产能和事后监督的办法来解决无序建设、产能过剩和审批腐败问题,成效不是很理想。原因就在于现行的行政审批程序,对公民、法人或者其他组织"从事特定活动"没有事先控制权,国家一边调控,一边新的过剩产能和不合理结构继续产生。如果改变现行的行政审批程序,按照审批事项建设的三个阶段("确定建设意向"、"设计和制定建设计划"、"完成设计和建设计划"),分别设立审批环节,申请人三次申请,行政机关三次审批,就可以避免上述种种弊端。

＂Examination and approval after satisfying the requirements＂ is the current examination and approval procedure of governments at all levels of China.The adoption of this procedure allows citizens,legal person and other organizations ＂to conduct particular activity first＂,and then ask for examination and approval from government.Then the problems of disordered construction,production capacity surplus and corruption in examination and approval appearing with carrying out the policy of reform and opening-up are related to the adoption of this procedure.For many years,our country tries to solve the problems of disordered construction,production capacity surplus and corruption in examination and approval by means of structural adjustment,elimination of outmoded production capacity and subsequent supervision,but the result is not ideal.The reason of it lies in the current examination and approval procedure of the government.Without the precontrol of ＂to conduct particular activity＂ of citizens,legal person and other organizations,the newly-appeared problems of production capacity surplus and unreasonable structure keep coming up.The problems above can be avoided by changing the current examination and approval procedure into establishing the three stages of ＂determination of the construction intention＂,＂designation and establishment of the construction schedule＂ and ＂completion of the schedule of the designation and construction＂,that is,applicants make application three times and the government examine and approve three times.