科考废除与晚清知识分子的转型

The Abolition of Imperial Examination System and the Transformation of the Late Qing Intellectuals

科举考试作为一项选材制度,让处于中下阶层的知识分子有了跻身上流的机会;科考也深入到中国传统文化的骨髓。然而1905年科考的废止阻断了知识分子由士入仕的道路,动荡的社会以及逐步形成的商业社会使知识分子难以适应。在赖以信仰的科考无以为继之后,士人们或经商办报或投身于小说创作,鸳蝴派的出现使文学形态转向消闲趣味化,稿费的制度化则促成了职业作家的出现。

Imperial Examination System as a selection system gave intellectual group who were in the middle and lower classes access to the upper classes,and it was also rooted in bone marrow of traditional Chinese culture.The abolition of imperial examination system in 1905,blocked intellectual entering political stratum,and turbulence of the society and the gradual formation of the business community made it difficult for intellectual group to adapt to the society.As a result,intellectuals ran a newspaper or engaged in fiction writing.The appearance of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly changed literary form to leisure and fun,the institutionalization of payment for writer＇s work contributed to the emergence of professional writers.