狂犬病暴露后的预防处理

Post exposure prophylaxis(PEP) at risk populations of rabies

目的探讨狂犬病的防治对策。方法对1036例暴露后狂犬病预防处理患者的监测资料进行回顾性分析,包括对患者进行暴露分级判定、暴露后处置程序、狂犬病疫苗及抗狂犬病血清或人狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用等资料。结果致伤动物中,犬致伤的患者最多占94.76%;致伤动物中未免疫动物占59.94%,而免疫史不详高达23.75%;在被咬伤的人群中,Ⅲ度暴露60.49%,但在接种疫苗后又接种免疫球蛋白患者仅占5.44%。结论狂犬病暴露后的正确处理,是预防狂犬病的唯一有效手段。

Objectives To determine the importance of post exposure prophylaxis（PEP） at risk populations of rabies.Methods 1036 at-risk populations of rabies were retrospectively reviewed.This study included two parts： information on the patient and his/her rabies exposure history was obtained from the patient interview（or one of his/her parents or guardians,for minors）;and information regarding the evaluation of the bite exposure and the post-exposure prophylaxis administered was filled-out by the investigator.Results For the present exposure,among the wounding animals there were 94.76% dogs;Unexpectedly,there were 59.94% animals without vaccination and 23.75% animals with unclear vaccination.60.49 patients with estimated category Ⅲ exposures consequently requiring the use of immunoglobulins in addition to vaccine,but rabies immunoglobulin（RIG） was administered to 5.44% of bite victims attending the rabies prevention clinics.Conclusion There is a window of opportunity for prophylaxis following exposure in which the development of rabies can be prevented with proven,effective measures.