刑事诉讼中的证据自由及其限制

On the Liberty of Proof and Its Limits in the Criminal Procedure

所谓证据自由,指在刑事诉讼中,法律及判例原则上不对证据形式作特别要求,犯罪事实可通过各种形式的证据予以证明。证据自由是各国刑事诉讼对证据资格的普遍设定,是现代刑事证据制度体系下刑事程序特质、刑罚效率追求及揭示案件真相的必然要求。但证据自由亦应遵守"权利保护"及"司法尊严"的正当性要求。我国刑事诉讼采用可采证据枚举模式,与刑事证据自由原则构成尖锐的矛盾,不符合现代证据制度的要求,理应作出修改,确立证据自由原则及其相应的保障体系。

The meaning of liberty of proof is that the law and the jurisprudence don't stipulate the form of proof in the criminal procedure,so the facts of crime can be proved by all kinds of proof.The liberty of proof is a common standard for the qualification of proof in criminal procedure in most of the countries.Meanwhile,the characteristics of modern criminal evidence system,the efficiency of criminal punishment and the revelation of the verity of crime all demand the liberty of proof.However,the liberty of proof should respect some legitimate principles such as 'protection of rights' and 'judicial dignity'.The Chinese criminal procedure law has enumerated all the forms of proof that might be adopted by the judges.This stipulation sharply contradicts with the principle of liberty of proof and opposes the modern evidence institution.So it's necessary to amend the actual stipulation in Chinese criminal procedure law,and to establish the liberty of proof as well as some protective systems concerned.