对历史目的论之历史唯物主义阐释路向的批判

The Critique of the Interpretative Routing by Historical Materialism towards Historical Finalism

人们所理解的马克思,很大程度上受到第二国际理论家和西方马克思主义代表人物所制订的理解模式的限制。历史地来看,作为历史唯物主义的"危机"表现的历史目的论概念,实与历史机械论声气相通,乃是滥觞于作为对于历史唯物主义的正统阐释中的社会主义与资本主义的绝对差异概念。历史目的论所涉及的首先就是历史中的"进步"(连续)、历史中的"解放"(自由)、以及从西方传统哲学曾经设想为历史统一体中抽象出来的欧洲观念。历史中的目的及其实现问题,也是在我们的面前照亮历史道路和引导我们前进的目的论视界。但是,所有那些被模糊地称作是历史的"负面经验",比如,苦难、退步、代价、资本主义等等,乃公开崭露了历史目的论的破绽。

The common understanding of Marx is restricted to a large extent by those stereotypes which are formed by thinkers of Second International and Frankfurt school.Historically,as the image of the crisis of historical materialism,the notion of historical finalism,in fact connected with historical mechanism,originates from the notion of absolute difference between socialism and capitalism in the orthodox interpretation of historical materialism.Historical finalism firstly involves the notion of progress(continuity),liberation(freedom) in history and the Idea of Europe which is thought to be abstracted from unity of history in western traditional philosophy.The aim of history and the accomplishment of it is the finalistic vision which lightens and guides our way.However,all the negative experiences vaguely addressed as history,such as misery,regression,payment,capitalism etc.,expose the defects of historical finalism.