美国反托拉斯法中的经济学理论发展及启示

Development of Economic Theories in the US Anti-Trust Law and Its Implications

美国是目前世界上反垄断法比较完善、反垄断经济学最为发达的国家,其反托拉斯法与经济理论的发展历程可以划分为五个阶段:早期自由竞争理论与反托拉斯法律体系的形成、凯恩斯主义与本身违法原则、哈佛学派与结构主义、芝加哥学派与行为主义、新产业组织理论与反垄断综合执法。美国反托拉斯法治实践表明,反垄断立法、执法、司法与经济理论、经济研究范式具有正相关性。美国反托拉斯法治实践中的经济理论运用情况,对于还处于起步阶段的中国反垄断法治实践,具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。

The United States is widely recognized as a country where the anti-monopoly law is relatively well-developed and the study of anti-monopoly economics is leading the world.The history of its development of the anti-Trust law and its related economic theory has undergone five stages：the formulation of the early theory of free competition and the anti-Trust legal system,Keynesianism and per se rule,the Harvard School and structuralism,the Chicago School and behaviorism,new industrial organization theory and the comprehensive enforcement of the anti-Trust law.US anti-Trust legal practice shows that the enactment,enforcement and practice of the anti-Trust law have a positive correlation with economic theoretical and economic research paradigmatic explorations.It is suggested that the application of economic theories in US anti-Trust legal practice has important implications for the newly emergent practice of anti-monopoly law in China.