近代日本的科举评价与文明转型

Evaluation of Imperial Examination and Transformation of Civilizations in Modern Japan

近代日本的科举评价经历了一个曲折的历程。最初,日本知识分子对科举制度大加赞美,希望借其树立起日本近代的官僚制度;继而通过实地考察认识到它的落后性而采取了批判的态度;最后则是将它还原为中国的本质性的存在,针对中国文明本身提出了深刻的质疑与批评。在近代日本科举评价的转变过程中,东西文明二元论框架下的西方话语霸权以及日本谋求自身文化建构的主体意识,产生了最为深刻的影响。当前,我们应当站在全球化历史学的、多元主义文明观的视角,给科举制度以合理而公正的评价。

The evaluation of Chinese Imperial Examination（IE） in modern Japan has gone through a tortuous process.At the beginning,Japanese intellectuals showed their admiration to the IE system,hoping to build up a bureaucratic system of modern Japan by drawing on IE,and then,they took a critical attitude toward IE when they found the backward nature of IE through on-the-spot investigations;finally they assumed IE as the essential existence of China and brought forth shrewd suspicion and criticism about the Chinese civilization itself.During the transitional process of the evaluation of IE in modern Japanese,Western hegemony of discourse in the context of dualism of the eastern and western civilization and the subjective awareness of Japan to seek their own cultural identity both produced a profound influence.This paper argues that it is time to give a reasonable and fair evaluation for IE from the perspectives of globalization of historical studies and cultural pluralism.