北京颐和园古建筑上红色颜料的分析研究

Analysis of the Red Pigments in Ancient Architecture of Summer Palace

本文利用X射线荧光(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜、扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDX)等多种仪器组合技术,对取自北京颐和园古建筑上的13个样品的23个红色颜料点进行了分析测试。研究结果表明:红色颜料大多为赤铁矿,有少量是铅丹,朱砂仅见于一个文物样品上,另有一部分是有机染料。赤铁矿和有机染料多存在于表层颜料中,而铅丹都作打底之用。该工作提供了古代建筑油饰彩画颜料分析的技术方法,对了解中国古代建筑彩画特别是官式彩画的材料组成、制作工艺和修复保护具有重要意义。

Thirteen red samples from ancient architecture of Summer Palace,including twenty-three measurement points,have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum,respectively.The results showed that most red pigments were hematite,the minority were red lead,cinnabar was only found in one sample,and the others should be organic dyes.Hematite and organic dyes existed in the surface layers,but red lead was used as the bases.This work provided analytical techniques for pigments of painting and colored drawing in ancient architectures,and should be of benefit to understanding of their material components,fabrication and restoration techniques.