温室番茄无土多层栽培技术开发研究

EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SOILLESS MULTILAYER CULTURE TECHNIQUE OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO

本研究的目的在于验证由山东农业大学园艺系研制的“鲁SC-1型”无土栽培装置及其配套栽培技术在大面积温室番茄无土多层栽培的有效性与可行性。番茄亩产量达12616.2公斤,亩产值超出土壤栽培184.98%,虽然生产成本比土壤栽培明显增大达138.34%。但由于增产基数超出土壤栽培较大,所以,亩净产值和盈利值分别比土壤栽培提高156.82%和227.73%。成本占用盈利率以及劳动盈利率等也均有明显超出。

A study on soilless multilayer culture of greenhouse tomato in a large area was carriedout in the Shengli oil field after the research hase been done at Shandong Agricultural Uni-versity in 1984. It was aimed at verifying the feasibility and availability of soilless multilayerculture device 'Lu SC-1 Type' in large area cultivation and its necessary technique. Up to1987, the cultivation area of greenhouse tomato was developed to 6699m^2, thus having con-verted the result of scientific research into productivity. The results in 2 years showed that the annual per mu yield of tomato in the soillessmutilayer culture was 12616.2 kg and 12050.5 kg respectively, 321.6% (winter-spring crop1985, 8677.3 kg) higher than that of the control (2102.9 kg). The tomato-picking time wasabout 20 days earlier for winter-spring crop and several days earlier for autumn-wintercrop than that of the control. The highest yield in a ten-day period exceeded that of thecontrol by 95.2-118.3% (winter-spring crop) and 29.5% (autumn-winter crop),respectively. The duration above 500 kg per mu yield cumulated in ten days was 20-40days longer than that of the controls. The tomato yield in different layers in the soilless cul-ture system showed the tendency top>middle>bottom layers. The yield and output value of tomato were increased 199.24% and 184.98%,respectively, compared with the control, which provided the basis for analysing the eco-nomic benefits. Although the coast of the soilless culture was 138.34% higher than that of soil culture,the output value was much more than that of the control. The net output value after de-creasing the cost was still 156.82% higher than that of the control. The final net profit ac-counts to 10,237.6 yuan (RMB) per mu, which was 227.73% more than that of the control.