图解北京天坛祈年殿组群营造史

Illustration for the Construction History of Building Group of the Hall of Prayer for a Good Harvest of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing

北京天坛是唯一现存的中国古代祭天建筑群,自明永乐十八年(1420)始建一直沿用至清末。祈年殿组群作为天坛的核心部分,由于郊天礼仪改制和使用功能增益等因素,其建筑配置发生多次重大变化。由于建筑更迭多为原址重建,利用留存的文献和图像史料很难清晰地把握其营造全貌。结合对祈年殿营造史料考证与研究,并对比同时期北京其他祭祀建筑群形制和单体构造做法,绘制了天坛祈年殿组群多个时期的复原图,力求弥补其营建史研究上的缺环。

The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is the only existing royal building group for emperor to sacrifice Heaven from ancient China,which had been in use since 1420 until the end of Qing Dynasty. As a result of the alteration of ritual systems or the extension of functions,the building group of the Hall of Prayer for a Good Harvest as the core component buildings had gone through significant changes in building formation.Make a clear illustration of its full-viewed construction process based on the limited historical materials and kept drawings considerably hard.The aim of this project is to illustrate the detailed construction development process,so that the architectural history of Temple of Heaven can be outlined specifically in-depth.Citing detailed historical data and academic studies of the Hall of Prayer for a Good Harvest building group,invoking the group formation and construction of other contemporary sacrificial buildings in Beijing as examples,a reconstruction design for the building group in time sequence is conducted to make up the missing link of the historical study of construction of Temple of Heaven.