苏联末期的货币战——透视苏联解体的新视角

Currency Wars in the Late Soviet Union -New Perspective of Collapse of the Soviet Union

苏联末期,在卢布贬值的未来预期下,各加盟共和国展开激烈的银行信贷竞争,同时实行了限制卢布涌入、物资流出的经济封锁。进而,面对俄联邦汹涌而至的卢布潮水,发行主权货币成为小国寡民型共和国防止卢布占领、摆脱自身经济困境的良策。而某个加盟共和国的主权货币行动必然在整个苏联内部引发多米诺骨牌效应。统一的卢布流通域遭遇被15个彼此独立的货币流通域瓜分并取代的命运,作为主权国家的苏联也就在货币层面被摧毁。考察苏联末期的货币战是探寻苏联解体过程的一条重要线索,对于揭开苏联解体之谜具有一定的启示意义。

In the late Soviet Union, out of future anticipation of ruble devaluation, the Soviet republics set out fierce competition in bank credits and also introduced economic restrictions on ruble influx and material outflows. Furthermore, in face of tidal surges of rubles, the issue of sovereignty currency has become a good policy for small republic countries to prevent ruble occupation and helps themselves out of economic difficulties. The sovereignty currency action in some republics will necessarily result in domino effects within the whole Soviet Union. The unified field of ruble flow was divided or even replaced by the 15 independent fields of currency circulation. As sovereign state, the Soviet Union was also destroyed at the currency level. Exploration into currency wars in late Soviet Union is an important clue to understanding the collapse of the Soviet Union, which is enlightening to the mystery of collapse of the Soviet Union.